Article

Endocrine (Hormone) Disruptors in Our Food, Drink, and Environment — Part 1

Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that enter the body through skin, digestive tract, lungs, or other mucosal tissue — and interfere with hormone function.

At a Glance

  • Endocrine (hormone) disruptors enter the body through skin, digestive tract, lungs, or other mucosal tissue and interfere with hormone function.
  • This Part 1 article covers Bisphenols (BPA/BPS, found throughout plastics) — Part 2 covers glyphosate.
  • BPA has been detected in the body fluids of 90% of all humans, with adolescents (ages 10–19) showing the highest exposure.
  • Linked conditions include breast cancer, MS, type 1 & 2 diabetes, endometriosis, ADD/ADHD, childhood anxiety & depression, fertility problems, preeclampsia, and more — each cited to the peer-reviewed research below.
  • The good news: a healthy liver clears BPA from urine within 24 hours — reducing exposure meaningfully limits the damage.

What Is An Endocrine (Hormone) Disruptor?

Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that come into our body (through our skin, digestive tract, lungs, or other mucosal tissues such as the urethra, eyes, etc.) and interfere with any aspect of hormone function in our body. To make this easier for everyone to remember, I will be referring to endocrine disruptors as hormone disruptors, since the term hormone is a more familiar term with people in general.

I will explore two hormone disruptors that impact our food, drink, and environment in a two-part article. In part 1 I will discuss Bisphenols, like BPA, and their impact on your health. In part 2 I will discuss glyphosate and its impact on your health.

Unfortunately, these two chemicals are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to disease-causing agents that we are exposed to every day (often without our consent or knowledge). Awareness of these hormone disruptors may not allow you to completely avoid them, however, it will give you the opportunity to make more informed choices for yourself and your family in regard to your exposure to these stressors.

  1. Bisphenols – Found in plastic (think of BPA and BPS)
  2. Glyphosate – Herbicide (Round-Up)

Understanding Bisphenols

Bisphenols are synthetic monomers used to manufacture certain types of plastics. Plastics made from Bisphenols, such as BPA and/or BPS (this article will focus primarily on BPA because the majority of the scientific resources available for the impact of bisphenols on health use BPA in their analysis) are used in a variety of places, and many of those places involve our food, drink, and environment.

Here is a quick list of common places to find bisphenols:

Water bottlesBaby bottles (pre-2013)Food containers Medical productsDental sealantsSports equipment CDs & DVDsEpoxy resins lining pipes & cansThermal paper receipts
Plastic food containers are a common source of bisphenols
Plastic food containers are a common source of bisphenols
Plastic water bottles are a common source of BPA
Plastic water bottles are a common source of BPA

The Scope Of BPA Exposure

Plastic-wrapped food is a common everyday source of BPA exposure
Plastic-wrapped food is a common everyday source of BPA exposure

BPA has been detected in the body fluids (urine, serum, sweat, placenta, milk and umbilical cord blood) of 90% of all humans12, and the population that endures the highest exposure are adolescents (ages 10–19 years of age). Adolescents are defined by their transitional status from childhood to identification as adults. This also happens to be the period of their life where normal hormone function is crucial for proper development and maturation. Simply put, hormone disruptors DISRUPT the ability of children to mature into adults in a normal fashion.

Health Conditions Associated With BPA Exposure

Breast cancer123Multiple sclerosis4Type 1 & 2 diabetes56 Endometriosis7ADD/ADHD8Childhood anxiety & depression8 Loss of sexually dimorphic behavior9Fertility problems101112Preeclampsia13 Ovarian cancer metastasis14Lung cancer15

The Good News

BPA is excreted in the urine of a normally functioning body within 24 hours via liver detoxification pathways. This means that there must be an ongoing exposure to BPA from the environment to detect BPA in 90% of humans, and that stopping or greatly limiting the exposure will limit the negative impact from BPA.

Taking Responsibility For Your Health

Look for Resin Code 7 to identify products containing BPA
Look for Resin Code 7 to identify products containing BPA

Health awareness is more than simply knowing that something exists and is a problem. Health awareness is a conscious knowledge of factors that may impact your health and using that information to guide your choices. Ultimately, we all have the free will to control our exposure to environmental toxins that have an impact on our health and that of our children. That is, once we become aware of our interactions with those environmental toxins. In this modern world, we do not have the luxury of assuming that others will act in a manner that limits our exposure to chemical toxins, and must be vigilant in exposing the presence of these toxins and creating rules for their limited use and labeling of potential sources of exposure. We are the guardians of our health and that of our families.

The sad truth is that many people reading this article will naturally want to believe that what I have written is not accurate, minimize the seriousness of the problems caused by plastics (& BPA), question the validity of the information, or even my credentials. This truly gets to the root of the problem. Somehow the burden of acceptable proof to deem something safe or unsafe is placed on consumers and not on those who market products for people to purchase. Therefore, read my reference list below, and more importantly read the articles I referenced. The burden of proof to ensure that the products that are sold to people do not harm them should fall on the manufacturing company. Further, they should not fight to keep these facts from the public or dismiss them and continue to make profits while people suffer and are not educated about the causes of their detriment. The American way of handling the burden of safety has been to allow sales until something is proven detrimental, as opposed proving the safety of food and environmental items before they reach the marketplace. Two great examples are rGH (recombinant growth hormone) use with animals and genetically modified food products, which I will write about in another article. Commerce and money will rule until we increase public awareness and demand that our health becomes a priority.

Practical Steps To Reduce BPA Exposure

To get started with decreasing the load of BPA in your life familiarize yourself with the list above. Next, limit your exposure to those products to the best of your ability. For example, do not let your children handle your receipts at the store or put them in their mouth. Look for food products that are stored in glass as opposed to plastic or cans. Look for BPA-free products. Drink filtered water (under the sink filter). Find a holistic dentist who uses ozone treatments on the teeth for cavity prevention. You may find that growing your own produce or using fresh produce will eliminate some of the processed foods that may be stored in plastic containers or cans.

Additionally, finding a well trained holistic doctor or functional medicine doctor to evaluate genetic variations in your methylation and other detoxification pathways that may hinder elimination of BPA should be your next step if you suffer from any of the chronic medical conditions that I listed above.

Lastly, be vocal and share this information with your family and friends. There is power in numbers. The more people we can reach with this information the more people we can help. Then, we can work together to enact change in the products that are sold to us.

In Good Health,
Dr. Robles

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References

Every health association named above is drawn directly from the peer-reviewed studies below. Tap a footnote number in the text to preview its citation, or browse the full list here.

  1. Del Pup L, Mantovani A, Cavaliere C, Facchini G, Luce A, Sperlongano P, Caraglia M, Berretta M. Carcinogenetic mechanisms of endocrine disruptors in female cancers (Review). Oncology Reports. 2016;36(2):603–612. doi:10.3892/or.2016.4886
  2. Wadia PR, Cabaton NJ, Borrero MD, Rubin BS, Sonnenschein C, Shioda T, Soto AM. Low-dose BPA exposure alters the mesenchymal and epithelial transcriptomes of the mouse fetal mammary gland. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(5):e63902. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063902
  3. Rachoń D. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and female cancer: informing the patients. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2015;16(4):359–364. doi:10.1007/s11154-016-9332-9
  4. Kharrazian D, Vojdani A. Correlation between antibodies to bisphenol A, its target enzyme protein disulfide isomerase and antibodies to neuron-specific antigens. Journal of Applied Toxicology. 2017;37(4):479–484. doi:10.1002/jat.3383
  5. Bodin J, Bølling AK, Samuelsen M, Becher R, Løvik M, Nygaard UC. Transmaternal bisphenol A exposure accelerates diabetes type 1 development in NOD mice. Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology. 2013;Early Online:1–10. doi:10.3109/08923973.2013.772195
  6. Moon MK, Jeong IK, Oh TJ, Ahn HY, Kim HH, Park YJ, Jang HC, Park KS. Long-term oral exposure to bisphenol A induces glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Journal of Endocrinology. 2015;226(1):35–42. doi:10.1530/JOE-14-0714
  7. Upson K, Sathyanarayana S, De Roos AJ, Koch HM, Scholes D, Holt VL. A population-based case-control study of urinary bisphenol A concentrations and risk of endometriosis. Human Reproduction. 2014;29(11):2457–2464. doi:10.1093/humrep/deu227
  8. Harley KG, Gunier RB, Kogut K, Johnson C, Bradman A, Calafat AM, Eskenazi B. Prenatal and early childhood bisphenol A concentrations and behavior in school-aged children. Environmental Research. 2013;126:43–50. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2013.06.004
  9. Palanza P, Nagel SC, Parmigiani S, vom Saal FS. Perinatal exposure to endocrine disruptors: sex, timing and behavioral endpoints. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 2016;7:69–75. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.11.017
  10. Xie M, Bu P, Li F, Lan S, Wu H, Yuan L, Wang Y. Neonatal bisphenol A exposure induces meiotic arrest and apoptosis of spermatogenic cells. Oncotarget. 2016;7(9):10606–10615. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.7218
  11. Ehrlich S, Williams PL, Missmer SA, Flaws JA, Berry KF, Calafat AM, Ye X, Petrozza JC, Wright D, Hauser R. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and implantation failure among women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2012;120(7):978–983. doi:10.1289/ehp.1104307
  12. Ehrlich S, Williams PL, Missmer SA, Flaws JA, Ye X, Calafat AM, Petrozza JC, Wright D, Hauser R. Urinary bisphenol A concentrations and early reproductive health outcomes among women undergoing IVF. Human Reproduction. 2012;27(12):3583–3592. doi:10.1093/humrep/des328
  13. Cantonwine DE, Meeker JD, Ferguson KK, Mukherjee B, Hauser R, McElrath TF. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and phthalate metabolites measured during pregnancy and risk of preeclampsia. Environmental Health Perspectives. 2016;124(10):1651–1655. doi:10.1289/EHP188
  14. Ptak A, Hoffmann M, Gruca I, Barć J. Bisphenol A induces ovarian cancer cell migration via the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways. Toxicology Letters. 2014;229(2):357–365. doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.07.001
  15. Zhang KS, Chen HQ, Chen YS, Qiu KF, Zheng XB, Li GC, Yang HD, Wen CJ. Bisphenol A stimulates human lung cancer cell migration via upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases by GPER/EGFR/ERK1/2 signal pathway. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2014;68(8):1037–1043. doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2014.09.003
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